What Does Hail Damage Look Like on a Roof? Complete Visual Identification Guide (2025)
Shocking Industry Truth
A hailstorm just passed through your area. Now you're wondering: does my roof have hail damage? And if so, what should you do about it?
Hail damage is one of the most common—and most commonly missed—types of roof damage. Unlike a fallen tree or missing shingles, hail damage can be nearly invisible from the ground yet cause thousands of dollars in damage that worsens over time if left unrepaired.
This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about hail damage: how to identify it on different roof types, how to document it properly for insurance claims, repair vs. replacement decisions, costs, and the step-by-step process after a hailstorm hits your home.
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What Is Hail Damage to a Roof?
Hail damage occurs when frozen precipitation (hailstones) strikes your roof with enough force to damage roofing materials. The severity depends on several factors:
- Hail size: Ranges from pea-sized (1/4") to softball-sized (4.5"+)
- Hail density: Harder, denser hail causes more damage
- Wind speed: Wind-driven hail hits at an angle with more force
- Roof material: Different materials respond differently to impact
- Roof age: Older, brittle shingles sustain more damage
- Roof slope: Steeper roofs may deflect some impacts
Hail Size Reference
- Pea (1/4"): Rarely causes damage to roofing
- Marble (1/2"): Can damage aged shingles
- Dime (3/4"): Begins causing significant damage
- Quarter (1"): Damages most asphalt shingles
- Golf ball (1.75"): Severe damage to all roof types
- Tennis ball (2.5"+): Catastrophic damage likely
Why Hail Damage Is Often Missed
Many homeowners don't realize their roof has hail damage because:
- It's not visible from the ground: Damage is often only visible up close
- No immediate leaks: Damage may not cause leaks for months or years
- Gradual deterioration: Damaged areas slowly worsen over time
- Similar appearance to wear: Hail damage can look like normal aging
The Hidden Cost of Ignoring Hail Damage
Unrepaired hail damage allows water infiltration that causes rot, mold, and structural damage. What starts as a $5,000-$10,000 roof repair can become a $30,000+ repair involving decking, insulation, drywall, and mold remediation. Insurance may deny claims for "pre-existing damage" if you wait too long.
Myrtle Beach Hail Risk & Historical Storm Data
Understanding local hail risk helps Myrtle Beach homeowners make informed decisions about roof protection and insurance coverage:
South Carolina Hail Statistics
According to National Weather Service data:
- Average hail events per year: 15-25 reported hail events across SC coastal counties
- Most common months: April-June (spring severe weather season) and August-September (tropical storm season)
- Typical hail size: 0.75"-1.5" (dime to walnut size) most common
- Largest recorded: 3.5" hail (softball size) in Horry County, 2018
- Damage threshold: Hail over 1" causes damage to 80%+ of asphalt shingle roofs
Myrtle Beach vs Other SC Markets
| Market | Annual Hail Events | Risk Level | Peak Season |
|---|---|---|---|
| Myrtle Beach | 15-20 events | Moderate | April-June, Aug-Sept |
| Columbia, SC | 25-35 events | High | March-June |
| Charleston, SC | 12-18 events | Moderate | April-July |
| Greenville, SC | 30-40 events | High | March-May |
Recent Significant Hail Events
June 2024 Supercell Outbreak
Golf ball-sized hail (1.75") reported across North Myrtle Beach and Conway. Over 2,400 insurance claims filed for roof damage. Estimated $18 million in property damage.
May 2023 Severe Thunderstorms
Quarter to half-dollar sized hail (1"-1.25") across Surfside Beach and Garden City. Widespread shingle damage, gutter denting, and vehicle damage reported.
August 2022 Tropical System Hail
Unusual hail event from tropical storm outflow bands. Marble to quarter-sized hail (0.75"-1") damaged aging roofs across Horry County.
Why Coastal Hail Is Different
Myrtle Beach faces a unique hail risk profile:
- Tropical-related hail: Hail can occur from tropical storm/hurricane outflow bands, not just severe thunderstorms
- Salt-weakened roofs: Salt air corrosion makes coastal roofs more vulnerable to smaller hail than inland roofs
- Wind-driven impacts: Coastal wind patterns drive hail at angles, hitting vertical surfaces and causing more damage
- Higher insurance stakes: With Myrtle Beach insurance premiums already 60% above state average ($4,772/year), hail damage claims significantly impact future rates
Hail Damage Probability by Roof Age
| Roof Age | Hail Size | Damage Probability | Typical Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-5 years | 1" (quarter) | 30-40% | Minimal or cosmetic damage |
| 6-10 years | 1" (quarter) | 60-70% | Moderate damage, repair needed |
| 11-15 years | 1" (quarter) | 85-95% | Significant damage, often replacement |
| 16+ years | 1" (quarter) | 95-100% | Severe damage, replacement required |
| Any age | 2"+ (golf ball) | 95-100% | Catastrophic damage across all materials |
How to Identify Hail Damage on Asphalt Shingles
Asphalt shingles are the most common roofing material and show distinctive hail damage patterns. Here's what to look for:
Signs of Hail Damage on Shingles
1. Random Damage Pattern
Hail damage appears randomly across the roof, not in lines or patterns. If damage follows a pattern, it's likely foot traffic, manufacturing defects, or blistering—not hail.
2. Black "Bruises" or Dark Spots
Hail impacts knock off the protective granules, exposing the black asphalt mat beneath. These spots may feel soft or spongy when pressed.
3. Loss of Granules
Look for shiny black spots where granules are missing. Check gutters and downspouts for excessive granule accumulation after storms.
4. Cracks in the Shingle Mat
Severe impacts can crack the fiberglass mat beneath the granules. Cracks often radiate outward from the impact point like a spider web.
5. Exposed or Fractured Fiberglass
In severe cases, the impact tears through the asphalt coating, exposing the white or tan fiberglass reinforcement beneath.
6. Soft Spots When Pressed
Hail impacts compromise the shingle's structure. Damaged areas feel soft, spongy, or "mushy" compared to undamaged shingles.
Hail Damage vs. Normal Wear
| Characteristic | Hail Damage | Normal Wear/Aging |
|---|---|---|
| Pattern | Random across roof | Uniform, gradual |
| Shape | Circular or oval dents | No distinct shape |
| Location | Random, all exposures | Concentrated on south/west |
| Onset | Sudden, after storm | Gradual over years |
| Feel | Soft, spongy spots | Generally firm |
| Collateral damage | Gutters, vents, AC units damaged | No collateral damage |
Pro Tip: Check "Soft Metals" First
Before climbing on the roof, check "soft metals" around your property: gutters, downspouts, air conditioning units, window frames, and garage doors. If these show dents, your roof likely has damage too. This provides corroborating evidence for insurance claims.
Hail Damage on Metal, Tile, and Flat Roofs
Different roofing materials show hail damage differently. Here's what to look for on each type:
Metal Roof Hail Damage
Metal roofs are highly durable but can still be damaged by large hail:
- Dents: Visible circular depressions in the metal panels
- Chipped paint/coating: Impact points where finish is damaged
- Seam damage: Impacts near seams can compromise weathertightness
- Fastener damage: Loosened or damaged screws/clips
Metal Roof Advantage
Most metal roofs are rated Class 4 for impact resistance—the highest rating. While large hail may dent the surface, the roof typically remains functional and watertight. Cosmetic damage may not require replacement unless it affects the coating integrity or warranty.
Tile Roof Hail Damage
Clay and concrete tiles are brittle and vulnerable to hail impact:
- Cracks: Visible fractures in the tile surface
- Chips and divots: Pieces broken off the tile surface
- Complete breaks: Tiles shattered or split
- Dislodged tiles: Tiles knocked out of position
- Exposed underlayment: Broken tiles reveal the layer beneath
Tile Roof Warning
Walking on tile roofs to inspect for damage can cause additional breakage. Always have a professional inspect tile roofs—they know how to navigate without causing further damage.
Flat Roof Hail Damage (TPO, EPDM, PVC, Modified Bitumen)
Flat roofing membranes show different damage patterns:
- Punctures: Holes through the membrane, especially on older roofs
- Dimpling: Circular depressions without penetration
- Cracking: Fractures in the membrane around impact points
- Granule loss: On modified bitumen, similar to asphalt shingles
- Exposed reinforcement: Scrim or fabric visible through damaged areas
Wood Shake/Shingle Hail Damage
- Splits along grain: Cracks running with the wood grain
- Orange or brown discoloration: Fresh wood exposed at impact
- Dents with sharp edges: Impact marks with defined borders
- Missing pieces: Chunks broken off the shake surface
DIY vs Professional Inspection: Safety First
After a hailstorm, many homeowners wonder: "Can I check my own roof for hail damage?" Here's the honest answer about DIY inspection risks vs professional assessment:
What You CAN Do Safely from the Ground
Safe DIY Inspection Steps
- ✓ Use binoculars: Inspect from the ground with binoculars to spot obvious damage—missing shingles, displaced flashing, or visible cracks
- ✓ Check gutters from a ladder: Look for excessive granules in gutters (indicates granule loss on shingles). Only climb stable ladders with a spotter.
- ✓ Inspect soft metals: Check gutters, downspouts, AC units, garage doors, window frames for denting—if these are damaged, your roof likely is too
- ✓ Look for ground evidence: Check for shingle granules in flower beds, driveway, or around downspouts
- ✓ Document from ground: Take photos of any visible damage from all angles
- ✓ Check attic from inside: Look for daylight penetration, water stains, or wet insulation (signs of roof penetration)
What You Should NEVER Do
Dangerous DIY Mistakes
- ✗ Walking on your roof: Homeowners cause more damage walking on already-compromised shingles. You can turn minor damage into major leaks.
- ✗ Climbing steep roofs: Roofs with slopes over 6:12 are dangerous without proper equipment and training. Falls from roofs are a leading cause of homeowner injuries.
- ✗ Wet roof inspection: NEVER climb on wet, icy, or recently hailed-on roofs. Surfaces are extremely slippery.
- ✗ Solo inspection: Never go on a roof alone. Even professionals use spotters.
- ✗ Walking on tile roofs: Tile roofs crack under foot traffic, especially after hail damage. You'll cause thousands in additional damage.
- ✗ Touching electrical components: Don't inspect near power lines, solar panels, or rooftop HVAC without professional training
Why Professional Inspection Is Critical
Professional roofing contractors find damage homeowners miss 90% of the time. Here's what professionals bring:
| Inspection Element | DIY Homeowner | Professional |
|---|---|---|
| Safety equipment | ❌ Usually none | ✅ Harnesses, boots, ladders |
| Damage detection rate | ❌ Spots ~30% of damage | ✅ Identifies 95%+ of damage |
| Knows what to look for | ❌ May miss subtle signs | ✅ Trained on hail patterns |
| Insurance documentation | ❌ Photos from ground | ✅ Detailed reports, test squares |
| Hidden damage detection | ❌ Can't see underlayment/decking | ✅ Checks attic, decking, penetrations |
| Risk of causing damage | ❌ High—foot traffic breaks shingles | ✅ Low—proper walking techniques |
| Insurance credibility | ❌ Adjusters often dismiss homeowner reports | ✅ Licensed contractor reports carry weight |
What Professional Inspection Includes
A thorough professional hail damage inspection covers:
- Exterior roof walk: Systematic check of all roof faces, valleys, ridges, and penetrations
- Test square analysis: Counting impacts in multiple 10'x10' sections to determine damage severity
- Measurement and photos: Documented evidence of impact size, pattern, and severity
- Soft metal verification: Checking collateral damage to gutters, vents, caps
- Attic inspection: Looking for water intrusion, decking damage, ventilation issues
- Flashing assessment: Inspecting chimneys, skylights, vents for impact damage or separation
- Written report: Detailed findings with photos, recommendations, and estimate
- Insurance claim support: Meeting with adjuster, providing documentation, advocating for proper settlement
Free Professional Inspections
Most reputable roofing contractors in Myrtle Beach offer free hail damage inspections. Here's why:
- • Inspections take 30-45 minutes and cost contractors very little
- • Finding damage benefits homeowner (insurance claim) and contractor (repair work)
- • It builds trust and demonstrates expertise before you hire
- • No obligation—you can get multiple opinions
WeatherShield Roofing provides free hail damage inspections across the Grand Strand. Call (843) 877-5539 to schedule yours today.
Red Flags: When "Free Inspection" Is Actually a Scam
Not all free inspections are legitimate. Watch for these warning signs:
- Unsolicited door-to-door: Legitimate contractors don't go door-to-door right after storms
- Pressure tactics: "I'm only in your area today" or "Special storm pricing expires tonight"
- Finding damage that isn't there: Exaggerating minor wear as "catastrophic hail damage"
- Offering to waive deductible: This is insurance fraud and illegal
- No local address: Out-of-state "storm chasers" disappear after taking deposits
- Requesting large upfront payment: Standard is 30% down, 70% on completion—never 100% upfront
How to Document Hail Damage for Insurance Claims
Proper documentation is critical for successful insurance claims. Here's a step-by-step process:
Immediate Documentation (First 24-48 Hours)
- Photograph everything: Take wide shots of your entire property and close-ups of any visible damage to the roof, gutters, siding, windows, outdoor furniture, and vehicles.
- Document the date and time: Note when the storm occurred and when you discovered damage.
- Save hailstones: If possible, photograph hailstones next to a ruler or common object (coin, golf ball) for size reference. Store some in your freezer.
- Get weather reports: Download or screenshot local weather reports, radar images, and hail size reports from Weather.gov or local news.
- Document collateral damage: Photograph dents on vehicles, AC units, mailboxes, grills, and other metal objects.
Professional Inspection Documentation
- Schedule a professional inspection: Have a licensed roofing contractor inspect and document all damage within 1-2 weeks.
- Get a written report: The report should include date, hail size estimates, number of impacts per "test square," photos, and repair/replacement recommendations.
- Request a detailed estimate: Itemized estimate with materials, labor, and any code-required upgrades.
What Insurance Adjusters Look For
- Hits per test square: Adjusters typically count impacts in multiple 10'x10' sections
- Consistent damage pattern: Random distribution indicates hail, not wear
- Collateral damage: Damage to soft metals supports hail claims
- Storm date correlation: Damage must align with documented storm events
- Roof age and condition: Pre-existing damage may affect coverage
Filing Your Insurance Claim
- File promptly: Most policies require claims within 1 year, but file within days to weeks for best results.
- Review your policy: Understand your deductible, coverage limits, and any exclusions.
- Be present for adjuster visit: Have your contractor meet with the insurance adjuster if possible.
- Don't accept the first offer: Initial estimates are often low. Supplemental claims for additional damage found during repairs are common.
- Keep all documentation: Save every photo, report, estimate, and communication.
Insurance Claim Timeline
- Day 1: Document damage, file claim with insurance
- Week 1: Get professional roof inspection
- Week 1-2: Insurance adjuster inspects property
- Week 2-4: Receive initial claim decision
- Week 4+: Schedule repairs, file supplements as needed
Hail Damage Repair vs. Roof Replacement: How to Decide
Not all hail damage requires full roof replacement. Here's how to determine the right course of action:
When Repair Is Sufficient
Repair May Be Appropriate If:
- • Damage is limited to a small area (less than 30% of roof)
- • Only a few shingles are affected
- • Roof is relatively new (less than 10 years old)
- • Matching shingles are available
- • No structural damage to decking
- • Insurance settlement covers repair costs
When Replacement Is Necessary
Replacement Is Recommended If:
- • Damage covers more than 30% of the roof
- • Multiple layers of shingles are damaged
- • Roof decking shows signs of damage or rot
- • Roof was already near end of life (15+ years)
- • Matching shingles are unavailable (discontinued color/style)
- • Previous repairs or multiple claims on the roof
- • Insurance approves full replacement
The "Test Square" Method
Insurance companies typically use "test squares" (10' x 10' sections) to assess damage. General guidelines:
| Hits Per Test Square | Typical Decision |
|---|---|
| 1-4 hits | Spot repair may be sufficient |
| 5-8 hits | Gray area—depends on other factors |
| 8+ hits | Full replacement typically warranted |
Important: Matching Matters
Even if damage is limited, replacement may be necessary if matching shingles aren't available. Insurance policies often include "matching" provisions that require replacing undamaged shingles if new ones won't match. Review your policy language carefully.
Consider Long-Term Value
If your insurance covers replacement, it's often worth taking even if repair seems sufficient:
- New warranty: Full replacement comes with manufacturer warranty
- Improved materials: Upgrade to impact-resistant shingles
- Increased home value: New roof adds real estate value
- No hidden damage: Full tear-off reveals any underlying issues
- Lower future costs: Avoid multiple repairs over the roof's life
Hail Damage Repair Costs: What to Expect
Understanding typical costs helps you evaluate contractor quotes and insurance settlements:
Repair Costs
| Repair Type | Typical Cost |
|---|---|
| Single shingle replacement | $150-$400 |
| Small area repair (10-20 shingles) | $400-$1,000 |
| Section repair (1 roof face) | $1,000-$3,000 |
| Flashing replacement | $200-$500 per area |
| Gutter repair/replacement | $4-$12 per linear foot |
Full Replacement Costs
| Roof Size | Standard Shingles | Impact-Resistant |
|---|---|---|
| 1,500 sq ft | $7,000-$12,000 | $9,000-$15,000 |
| 2,000 sq ft | $9,000-$15,000 | $12,000-$20,000 |
| 2,500 sq ft | $11,000-$18,000 | $15,000-$25,000 |
| 3,000 sq ft | $13,000-$22,000 | $18,000-$30,000 |
Understanding Insurance Payouts
Insurance typically pays for hail damage minus your deductible, but there are important factors:
- ACV vs RCV: Actual Cash Value (ACV) deducts depreciation; Replacement Cost Value (RCV) pays full replacement cost
- Recoverable depreciation: With RCV policies, you receive depreciation holdback after repairs are completed
- Code upgrades: Many policies cover code-required upgrades (ice/water shield, ventilation)
- Deductible: Typically $1,000-$2,500 or 1-2% of home value
- Supplements: Additional damage found during repairs can be claimed
Example Insurance Payout
Roof replacement cost: $15,000
Depreciation (10-year-old roof): -$5,000
Deductible: -$1,500
Initial check (ACV): $8,500
After completion (depreciation recovery): +$5,000 = $13,500 total
What to Do After a Hailstorm: Step-by-Step Guide
Follow this checklist after any significant hailstorm:
Immediate Steps (First 24 Hours)
- Stay safe: Wait until the storm passes completely before going outside
- Check for immediate hazards: Downed power lines, broken glass, structural damage
- Document hail size: Photograph hailstones with a size reference
- Walk around your property: Look for obvious damage to roof, siding, windows, gutters
- Photograph everything: Take photos of all visible damage before cleanup
- Check vehicles: Document any dents or broken glass
- Cover broken windows: Prevent water intrusion with plastic sheeting
- DO NOT climb on the roof: Leave inspection to professionals
First Week
- File insurance claim: Call your insurance company to report the damage
- Schedule professional inspection: Contact a licensed roofing contractor
- Request written inspection report: With photos and recommendations
- Get repair/replacement estimate: Itemized with materials and labor
- Review your policy: Understand coverage, deductible, and deadlines
Insurance Adjuster Visit
- Be present: Don't let the adjuster inspect without you
- Have your contractor meet them: Professional advocacy helps
- Point out all damage: Including collateral damage to soft metals
- Share your documentation: Photos, weather reports, inspection reports
- Get adjuster's report: Request a copy of their findings
Warning Signs of Storm Chasers
- • Unsolicited door-to-door contact immediately after storm
- • Out-of-state license plates or contractors
- • Pressure to sign contracts immediately
- • Offers to waive your deductible (insurance fraud)
- • No local references or permanent address
- • Requests large deposits before work begins
- • "One day only" deals or extreme urgency
Choosing a Contractor
- Verify licensing and insurance: Confirm valid state contractor license
- Check local presence: Physical address, years in business
- Read reviews: Google, BBB, and platform reviews
- Get multiple estimates: At least 2-3 for comparison
- Ask about warranty: Both manufacturer and workmanship coverage
- Never pay everything upfront: Standard is 30% down, 70% on completion
Preventing Future Hail Damage: Impact-Resistant Options
If you're replacing a hail-damaged roof, consider upgrading to more resistant materials:
Impact-Resistant Shingles (Class 4)
Class 4 is the highest impact resistance rating, tested with 2" steel balls dropped from 20 feet. Options include:
- SBS-modified shingles: Rubberized asphalt that flexes on impact instead of cracking
- Polymer-modified shingles: Enhanced flexibility and impact resistance
- Synthetic shingles: Composite materials designed for extreme durability
Insurance Discount
Many insurance companies offer 10-28% premium discounts for Class 4 impact-resistant roofs. Over 10-20 years, these discounts can offset the higher material cost. Ask your insurance company about available credits before choosing materials.
Metal Roofing
Metal roofs offer excellent hail resistance:
- Most metal roofs are rated Class 4
- May dent but remains watertight
- Thicker gauge metal (24 ga vs 29 ga) resists denting better
- Textured finishes hide minor denting
- 40-60+ year lifespan
Other Resistant Options
- Concrete tile: Very durable but can crack under large hail
- Synthetic slate: Impact-resistant alternative to natural slate
- Rubber roofing: Absorbs impact energy
Cost vs. Benefit Analysis
| Material | Added Cost | Insurance Discount | Payback Period |
|---|---|---|---|
| Class 4 shingles | +15-25% | 10-28% | 5-8 years |
| Metal roofing | +100-200% | 10-28% | 15-20 years |
Free Hail Damage Inspection
WeatherShield Roofing provides free hail damage inspections for homeowners in Myrtle Beach and surrounding areas. We'll assess your roof, document any damage, and help you navigate the insurance claim process.
Call (843) 877-5539 to schedule your free inspection.
The Cost Comparison: Maintenance vs. Neglect
Without Maintenance
- Roof lifespan: 12-15 years
- Insurance claims often denied
- Emergency repairs cost 3x more
- Property value decreases by 5-10%
- Warranty becomes void
- Total 20-year cost: $35,000+
With Regular Maintenance
- Roof lifespan: 25-30+ years
- Insurance claims approved
- Prevent costly emergencies
- Property value protected
- Full warranty coverage maintained
- Total 20-year cost: $8,000-10,000
Don't Wait Until It's Too Late
Every day you delay costs you money. Get your FREE professional roof inspection today and discover exactly what condition your roof is in.
Emergency? Call our 24/7 hotline: (843) 877-5539
Frequently Asked Questions
About the Author
David Karimi
Storm Damage Specialist & Insurance Claim Expert
David Karimi is WeatherShield Roofing's Storm Damage Specialist with over 15 years of experience assessing and repairing hail-damaged roofs across South Carolina. A certified insurance claim specialist and GAF Master Elite contractor, David has helped hundreds of homeowners navigate the hail damage claim process.
The Bottom Line: Your Roof, Your Choice
Every day you wait is another day closer to that emergency call no homeowner wants to make. The statistics are clear: 80% of roofs fail prematurely, and 61% of homeowners can't afford the emergency repairs that follow.
What You Get with Weather Shield Roofing:
Don't Wait Until It's Too Late
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Emergency? Call our 24/7 hotline: (843) 877-5539
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